Veterans face higher hurdles in military sexual trauma claims
A new report from the National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine has found that veterans filing disability claims related to military sexual trauma face significantly lower approval rates and inconsistent standards of evidence compared to other types of claims. The study, commissioned by Congress in 2023, revealed that MST-related disability claims were approved at just 18.2% over a five-year period, compared to 27.6% for combat-related claims. The panel of academics, think tank analysts, and VA researchers also found that approval rates were notably lower for men and Black veterans filing these claims.
The core problem identified in the report stems from the VA's dual standards for evaluating MST-related claims. Veterans filing for post-traumatic stress disorder connected to sexual trauma can use observational evidence such as behavior changes and statements from family or friends to support their claims. However, veterans seeking compensation for other mental or physical conditions stemming from the same trauma must provide direct proof that the assault or harassment occurred. This creates a significant barrier, as the military culture often pressures service members not to report sexual assaults, making documentation rare or nonexistent.
The issue affects a substantial number of veterans seeking benefits. In 2024 alone, the VA received 39,711 claims related to military sexual trauma. Roughly one in three women and one in fifty men report having experienced sexual assault or harassment during their military service. For those whose claims are approved, the average disability rating stands at 80%, with average monthly compensation of approximately $2,500. Nearly two-thirds of MST claims filed in 2024 were ultimately approved, though the lower approval rate compared to other claim types and the disparities among demographic groups remain concerning.
The panel identified additional problems beyond the evidence standards themselves. Veterans filing MST-related claims must complete disability questionnaires and attend compensation and pension exams that are often conducted by examiners lacking trauma-informed training. The process itself, including the possibility of denial and the need to repeatedly recount traumatic experiences, can retraumatize claimants. The experts recommended that the VA reduce the number of required exams, create more supportive examination environments, ensure examiners receive proper trauma training, and develop a specific disability questionnaire designed for MST claims.
The report's lead recommendation calls for Congress to pass legislation directing the VA Secretary to accept lay evidence and behavioral observations as sufficient proof for any condition connected to military sexual trauma, regardless of whether official service records document the experience. Dr. Harold Kudler, a retired VA psychiatrist and panel member now at Duke University, emphasized this point during a briefing on the findings. Committee Chairwoman Hortensia Amaro stated the panel hopes their recommendations will reduce harm to veterans, improve the claims experience, strengthen training, and enhance accuracy and fairness in the disability compensation process.
For disabled veterans, this report highlights systemic barriers that may be affecting current or future claims. MST can lead to a wide range of service-connected conditions beyond PTSD, including depression, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and other physical health problems. Understanding that the current system places different evidentiary burdens on different conditions can help veterans and their representatives prepare more effective claims and appeals.
Veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma and are considering filing a claim or appealing a denial should consult with a Veterans Service Officer or accredited claims agent who has experience with MST-related cases. Gathering statements from friends, family members, or fellow service members who observed behavioral changes during or after service can strengthen claims, particularly for PTSD. While the panel's recommendations may lead to future policy changes, veterans should not delay filing valid claims while waiting for potential reforms to the system.